100 MUSCLES (A-Z)

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Abductor digiti minimi
O- Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I- Proximal phalanx of fifth finger
A- Abducts MP of the fifth finger

Abductor pollicis brevis
O- Scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
I- Proximal phalanx
A- Abducts the thumb

Abductor pollicis longus
O- Posterior radius, interosseous membrane, middle ulna
I- Base of the first medacarpal
A- Abducts thumb

Adductor brevis
O- Pubis
I- Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
A- Hip adduction

Adductor longus
O- Pubis
I- Middle one-third of the linea aspera
A- Hip adduction

Adductor magnus
O- Ischium and pubis
I- Entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A- Hip adduction

Adductor pollicis
O- Capitate, base of the second metacarpal, palmar surface of the third metacarpal
I- Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A- Adducts thumb

Anterior Deltoid
O- Lateral third of the clavicle
I-Deltoid tuberosity
A- Shoulder flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction

Brachialis
O- Distal half of humerus, anterior surface
I- Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
A- Elbow flexion

Brachioradialis
O- Lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus
I- Styloid process of the radius
A- Elbow flexion

Biceps
O- Scapula: long head, supraglenoid tubercle short head, coracoid process
I- Radial tuberosity of radius
A- Elbow flexion, forearm supination

Biceps femoris
O- Long head: ischial tuberosity, Short head: lateral hip of linea aspera
I- Fibular head
A- Long head: extend hip and flex knee, Short head: flex knee

Coracobrachialis
O- Coracoid process of the scapula
I- Medial surface of the humerus near the midpoint
A- Stabilizes the shoulder joint

Diaphragm
O- Xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I- Central tendon
A- Inspiration

Dorsal interossei
O- Two adjacent metacarpals
I- Base of the proximal phalanx
A- Abduction of fingers

Erector spinae
O- Spinous processes, transverse processes, and posterior ribs from the occiput to the
sacrum and ilium
I- Spinous processes, transverse processes, and posterior ribs from the occiput to the
sacrum and ilium
A- Bilateral: Extend, Unilateral: Lateral bend

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I- Base of third metacarpal
A- Wrist extension

Extensor carpi radialis longus
O- Supracondyle ridge of humerus
I- Base of second metacarpal
A- Wrist extension, radial deviation

Extensor carpi ulnaris
O- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I- Base of fifth metacarpal
A- Wrist extension, ulnar deviation

Extensor digiti minimi
O- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I- Base of distal phalanx of fifth finger
A- Extends all joints of fifth finger

Extensor digitorum
O- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I- Base of distal phalanx of the second through fifth fingers
A- Extends all three joints of the fingers

Extensor digitorum longus
O- Fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia
I- Distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- Extends four lesser toes, assists in ankle dorsiflexion

Extensor indicis
O- Distal ulna
I- Base of distal phalanx of the second finger
A- Extends all joints of the second finger

Extensor hallucis longus
O- Fibula and interosseous membrane
I- Distal phalanx of great toe
A- Extends first toe, assists in ankle inversion and dorsiflexion

Extensor pollicis brevis
O- Posterior distal radius
I- Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
A- Extends MP joint of thumb

Extensor pollicis longus
O- Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
I- Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A- Extends MP and IP joints of the thumb

External intercostal
O- Rib above
I- Rib below
A- Elevate ribs

External oblique
O- Lower eight ribs laterally
I- Iliac crest and linea alba
A- Bilateral: trunk flexion; compression of abdomen, Unilateral: lateral bending; rotation to
opposite side

Flexor carpi radialis
O- Medial epicondyle of the humerus
I- Base of second and third metacarpals
A- Wrist flexion, radial deviation

Flexor carpi ulnaris
O- Medial epicondyle of humerus
I- Pisiform, and base of fifth metacarpal
A- Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

Flexor digiti minimi
O- Hamate and flexor retina culum
I- Base of proximal phalanx of the fifth finger
A- Flexes MP of the fifth finger

Flexor digitorum longus
O- Posterior tibia
I- Distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- Flexes the four lesser toes; assists in ankle inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle

Flexor digitorum porfundus
O- Upper three-fourths of ulna
I- Distal phalanx of the four fingers
A- Flexes all three joints of the fingers

Flexor digitorum superficialis
O- Common flexor tendon, coronoid process, and radius
I- Sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers
A- Flexes MP and PIP joints of the fingers

Flexor hallucis longus
O- Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I- Distal phalanx of the great toe
A- Flexes great toe; assists in inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle

Flexor pollicis brevis
O- Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
I- Proximal phalanx
A- Flexes MP joint of thumb

Flexor pollicis longus
O- Radius, anterior surface
I- Distal phalanx of thumb
A- Flexes all joints of the thumb

Gastrocnemius
O- Medial and lateral condyles of femur
I- Posterior calcaneus
A- Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion

Gluteus maximus
O- Posterior sacrum and ilium
I- Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter
A- Hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation

Gluteus medius
O- Lateral ilium
I- Greater trochanter
A- Hip abduction

Gluteus minimus
O- Lateral ilium
I- Anterior surface of the greater trochanter
A- Hip abduction, medial rotation

Gracilis
O- Pubis
I- Anterior medial surface of proximal end of tibia
A- Hip adduction

lIiopsoas
O- Iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T12 through L5
I- Lesser trochanter
A- Hip flexion

Infraspinatus
O- Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I- Greater tubercle of humerus
A- Shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction

Internal intercostal
O- Rib below
I- Rib above
A- Depress ribs

Internal oblique
O- Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I- Tenth, eleventh, and twelfth ribs; abdominal aponeurosis
A- Bilateral: Trunk flexion; compression of abdomen, Unilateral: lateral bending; rotation to
same side

Interspinale
O- Spinous process below
I- Spinous process above
A- Trunk extension

Intertransversarii
O- Transverse process below
I- Transverse process above
A- Trunk lateral bending

Latissimus Dorsi
O- Spinous processes of T7 through L5 (via dorsolumbar fascia), posterior surface of
sacrum, iliac crest, and lower three ribs
I- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
A- Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation, hyperextension

Levator Scapula
O- Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
I- Vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine
A- Scapular elevation and downward rotation

Lumbricales
O- Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
I- Tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle
A- Flex the MP joint while extending the IP joints

Middle (Lateral) Deltoid
O- Acromion process
I- Deltoid tuberosity
A- Shoulder abduction

Opponens digiti minimi
O- Hamate and flexor retinaculum
I- Fifth metacarpal
A- Opposes the fifth finger

Opponens pollicis
O- Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
I- First metacarpal
A- Opposes the thumb

Palmar interossei
O- Metacarpal
I- Base fo the proximal phalanx
A- Adduction of finger

Palmaris longus
O- Medial epicondyle of humerus
I- Palmar fascia
A- Assistive in wrist flexion

Pectineus
O- Superior ramus of pubis
I- Pectineal line of femur
A- Hip flexion and adduction

Pectoralis major, clavicular and sternal portions
O- Medial third of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribs
I- Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
A- Shoulder adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction

Pectoralis major, clavicular portion
O- Medial third of clavicle
I- Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
A- Shoulder flexion to approximately first 60 degrees

Pectoralis major, sternal portion
O- Sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribs
I- Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
A- Shoulder extension to approximately first 120 degrees

Pectoralis minor
O- Anterior surface, third through fifth ribs
I- Coracoid process of the scapula
A- Scapular depression, protraction, and downward rotation

Peroneus brevis
O- Lateral distal fibula
I- Base of fifth metatarsal
A- Ankle eversion; assists in plantar flexion

Peroneus longus
O- Lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
I- Plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal
A- Ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantar flexion

Peroneus tertius
O- Distal medial fibula
I- Base of fifth metatarsal
A- Assists somewhat in ankle eversion and dorsiflexion

Plantaris
O- Posterior lateral condyle of femur
I- Posterior calcaneus
A- Very weak assist in knee flexion; ankle plantar flexion

Popliteus
O- Lateral condyle of femur
I- Psteriorly on medial condyle of tibia
A- Initiates knee flexion

Posterior Deltoid
O- Spine of scapula
I- Same as anterior deltoid muscle
A- Shoulder extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction

Pronator quadratus
O- Distal fourth of ulna
I- Distal fourth of radius
A- Forearm pronation

Pronator teres
O- Medial epicondyle of humerus and coranoid process of ulna
I- Lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint
A- Forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion

Quadratus lumborum
O- Iliac crest
I- Twelfth rib, transverse processes of L2-L5
A- Trunk lateral bending

Rectus abdominis
O- Pubis
I- Costal cartilages of fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs
A- Trunk flexion; compression of abdomen

Rectus femoris
O- Anterior inferior iliac spine
I- Tibial tuberosity
A- Hip flexion, knee extension

Rhomboids
O- Spinous processes of C7 through T5
I- Vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
A- Scapular retraction and downward rotation

Sartorius
O- Anterior superior iliac spine
I- Proximal medial aspect of tibia
A- Combination of hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

Scalenes
O- Transeverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
I- First and second rib
A- Bilateral: assists in neck flexion, Unilateral: neck lateral bending

Semimembranosus
O- Ischial tuberosity
I- Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A- Extend hip and flex knee

Semitendinosus
O- Ischial tuberosity
I- Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A- Extend hip and flex knee

Serratus Anterior
O- Lateral surface of the upper eight ribs
I- Vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface
A- Scapular protraction and upward rotation

Soleus
O- Posterior tibia and fibula
I- Posterior calcaneus
A- Ankle plantar flexion

Splenius capitis
O- Lower half of nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 through T3
I- Lateral occipital bone; mastoid process
A- Bilateral: Extend head, Unilateral: Rotate head to same side

Splenius cervicis
O- Spinous processes of T3 through T6
I- Transverse processes of C1 through C3
A- Bilateral: extend head and neck, Unilateral: rotate neck to same side

Sternocleidomastoid
O- Sternum and clavicle
I- Mastoid process
A- Bilateral flexes neck, Unilateral:laterally bends the neck; rotates head to the opposite side

Subscapularis
O- Subscapular fossa of the scapula
I- Lesser tubercle of the humerus
A- Shoulder medial rotation

Supinator
O- Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna
I- Anterior surface of the proximal radius
A- Forearm supination

Supraspinatus
O- Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I- Greater tubercle of the humerus
A- Shoulder abduction

Tensor fascia latae
O- Anterior superior iliac spine
I- Lateral condyle of tibia
A- Combined hip flexion and abduction

Teres Major
O- Axillary border of scapula near the inferior angle
I- Crest below lesser tubercle next to the latissimus dorsi muscle attachment
A- Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation

Teres Minor
O- Axillary border of scapula
I- Greater tubercle of humerus
A- Shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction

Tibialis Anterior
O- Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I- First cuneiform and metatarsal
A- Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion

Tibialis posterior
O- Interosseous membrance, adjacent tibia and fibula
I- Naviclular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A- Ankle inversion; assists in plantar flexion

Transverse abdominis
O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and last six ribs
I- Abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba
A- Compression of abdomen

Transversopinalis
O- Transverse processes
I- Spinous processes of vertebra above
A- Bilateral: Extend, Unilateral: Rotate to opposite side

Trapezius (Upper)
O-Occipital bone, nuchal ligament
I-Outer third of clavicle, acromion process
A- Scapular elevation and upward rotation

Trapezius (middle)
O- Spinous processes C7 through T3
I- Scapular spine
A- Scapular retraction

Trapezius (lower)
O- Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae
I- Base of the scapular spine
A- Scapular depression and upward rotation

Triceps
O- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Lateral head: inferior to greater tubercle on
posterior humerus, Medial head: posterior surface of humerus
I- Olecranon process of ulna
A- Elbow extension

Vastus intermedialis
O- Anterior femur
I- Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- Knee Extension

Vastus lateralis
O- Linea aspera
I- Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- Knee extension

Vastus medialis
O- Linea aspera
I- Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- Knee extension

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